第4章 Introduction: Beyond War and Peace (第3/3页)
together. Both are conjunctive processes of being-a reaching out to influence others, molding, forming, creating the consciousness of the other. But this is only possible, in an inner sense, if one opens oneself at the same time to the influence of the other. Will without love becomes manipulation and love without will becomes sentimental. The bottom then drops out of the conjunctive emotions and processes."[5] May's conjunctive processes also operate on a social level, and we can effect nonviolent social change only if we can engage both our power and our love.
One of the greatest practitioners of nonviolent social change, Martin Luther King Jr., was both a practical activist and a spiritual leader. He demonstrated a way of addressing tough social challenges that went beyond aggressive war and submissive peace, thereby contributing to the creation of new social realities in the United States and around the world. In his last presidential speech to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, King-drawing on his doctoral studies of Tillich's work-emphasized the essential complementarity between power and love.[6] "Power without love is reckless and abusive," King said, "and love without power is sentimental and anemic."[7]
My own experience of the past twenty years entirely bears out King's analysis. Power without love is reckless and abusive. If those of us engaged in social change act to realize ourselves without recognizing that we and others are interdependent, the result will at best be insensitive and at worst, oppressive or even genocidal. And love without power is sentimental and anemic. If we recognize our interdependence and act to unify with others, but do so in a way that hobbles our own or others' growth, the result will at best be ineffectual and at worst, deceitfully reinforcing of the status quo.
Power without love produces scorched-earth war that destroys everything we hold dear. Love without power produces lifeless peace that leaves us stuck in place. Both of these are terrible outcomes. We need to find a better way.
In his speech, King went on to say, "This collision of immoral power with powerless morality constitutes the major crisis of our time."[8] This collision continues because our polarization of power and love continues. In our societies and communities and organizations, and within each of us, we usually find a "power camp," which pays attention to interests and differences, and a "love camp," which pays attention to connections and commonalities. The collision between these two camps-in the worlds of business, politics, and social change, among others-impedes our ability to make progress on our toughest social challenges.
AN IMPERATIVE
Power and love stand at right angles and delineate the space of social change. If we want to get unstuck and to move around this space-if we want to address our toughest challenges-we must understand and work with both of these drives.
Rather than a choice to be made one way or another, power and love constitute a permanent dilemma that must be reconciled continuously and creatively. This reconciliation is easy in theory but hard in practice. Carl Jung doubted whether it was even possible for these two drives to coexist in the same person: "Where love reigns, there is no will to power; and where the will power is paramount, love is lacking. The one is but the shadow of the other."[9] His student Robert Johnson said, "Probably the most troublesome pair of opposites that we can try to reconcile is love and power. Our modern world is torn to shreds by this dichotomy, and one finds many more failures than successes in the attempt to reconcile them."[10]
I have seen many examples of reckless and abusive power without love, and many examples of sentimental and anemic love without power. I have seen far fewer examples of power with love. Too few of us are capable of employing power with love. More of us need to learn.
If we are to succeed in co-creating new social realities, we cannot choose between power and love. We must choose both. This book explores how.
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